Millennials VS. Boomers

Millennials Vs. Boomers

News Readers 

Millennials - The younger generation (under 30), that get their news from twitter and social media platforms online.

Boomers - The older generation (above 30), that traditionally watch BBC News at 6pm where the main focus is formal news on politics, weather and world issues. Or Channel 4 for catch-up TV.

News Addicts - type of readers/people

1. Fix - Access news constantly, prompted by a general need and state of distraction
2. Track - Access news regularly throughout the day to keep up to date with breaking stories
3. Fill - Access news to pass the time when moving from one place to another 
4. Indulge - Make time to enjoy the news as a break from everything else in the day 
5. Invest - Read the news regularly to get an in-depth perspective on stories 

Examples of when stories are posted online before they are published as proper news on tv

- Ariana Grande Manchester terrorist attack
- Bitcoin
- Harry Potter filming scenes being leaked before the film was in screening
- Terrorism attacks
- Natural disasters

The Pros and Cons of social media news

Pros:

- immediacy 

- everyone can report on it 

- stories spread very quickly 

- phones can be where Tv filming isn't 

Cons:

- 140 characters to write a story/post on twitter 

- false news

- facts missing/inaccuracy 

- biased/one sided 

- amateur reporters putting others in danger in order to get news

Top 4 Newspapers 

1. Metro
2. The Guardian 
3. The Sunday Times 
4. Daily Mail 

Newspapers

The Guardian: Is the 4th famous in the world but 2nd most read. It is known for being a well-written, interesting, informative, intelligent and good for politics.

Daily Mail: Is the most famous newspaper today, however contrasts to the amount of readers making it the 4th most read newspaper. The Daily Mail is known for standing up for ordinary people, interesting, informative.

The Sun: The Sun has a reputation for being entertaining, amusing, good for sport and read by ordinary people. However, the false and exaggerated news makes this newspaper 13th most popular.

Newspaper Terminology

Media Newspaper Analysis

Target Audience

Target Audience

Who does the Daily Mail newspaper target as an audience?

The Daily Mail was first published in 1896 and is a right wing newspaper, for those who are 'pro' Brexit and conservatives. The articles are owned by Daily Mail and General Trust. Similarly, those who are middle aged, middle England, traditionally English, interested in celebrity gossip, makeup/fashion etc. majority of readers lean towards women belong the main target audience due to the content. However, it is nearly split by gender.

Who is the target audience for the Guardian?

The Guardian newspaper targets a well-educated, relatively young, predominantly male and liberal audience centered around London. 52% of Guardian readers are male, and the average reader age is 44. Topics in which they discuss are sophisticated and have lots of body text which enable a reader to interpret and shape their views in the way they want to. The subjects include politics, exhibitions and international news - or human rights, charities, culture or women's issues.

Comparing Newspapers

 

Comparing the different types of Newspapers 

A Middle Market Newspapers is one that attempts to cater to readers who want some entertainment from their newspaper as well as the coverage of important news events. For instance, Brexit updates or massive politic events that are happening daily

The Daily Mail is a clear example of a middle-market newspaper that uses a story based on Megan Markle, within the Royal family - which is proper news that people would want to know, as the Royal family is well-liked. Contrasting to a human interest story displayed on the top of the newspaper, to engage people and their feelings to the articles written.











The Daily Star shows celebrity drama and informal stories displayed with limited information and large titles covering the majority of the front cover. This is one example of a tabloid written to exploit Cheryl Cole, telling everyone how she is feeling and the ins and outs of her life at this current moment in time. The reason behind why specific audiences appeal to this type of newspaper is because the gossip is entertaining and is softer news than broadsheets, such as The Guardian. groups of people that tend to read these newspapers are mostly preferred by people from the middle social class, less educated, and the younger generation. As a result, the style and content of the newspaper shapes people's opinions into thinking a very one-sided portrayed point of view.








The Times is a broadsheet newspaper, using lots of factual body text to describe in detail what the story is about. Consequently, the main idea is to give the reader the chance to make their own judgements and arguments on the topic themselves. There are limited images and topics discussed that include Brexit, politics, sports, human rights, culture etc. - with very little images illustrated. Those who read broadsheets are stereotypically well-educated, relatively young, male and liberal audience centred around London.

Cultivated Representation - George Gerbner

Cultivated Representation

George Gerbner - Cultivation theory (or the drip drip effect)

Representations:
- Teenagers = moody, spotty
- Muslims = terrorists, religious
- Gypsies = trampy, fights
- Americans = annoying, fat, loud
- Girls from Essex = fake, orange

❕ The repetition of images, stories etc. begin to shape our beliefs

Who is represented and how is it constructed?
- the person displayed on the front cover is represented as connotations such as a chav or a teenager. This is due to the fact they are wearing a tracksuit, they have covered their face and they are stood in front of a fire that has been created. However, in actual fact these images were Photoshoped together in order to influence and shape people's opinions on the event - through the media.

Newspaper Industries

Newspaper Industries

1. In the Executive Summary on page 2, paragraph 4 the overview identifies that: 'today's aggregate advertising expenditure and net circulation figures equate to about half of their 2007 value.' Bullet point why you think this is the case.

I think the reason behind this being the case is that the technology has been advanced and the demand for news has increased digitally. As a result, this is killing the number of hard copies of news articles. Most customers would state that they would rather read articles online as opposed to paper copies of the news - it easier to read and hold a digital device than a newspaper bought on the streets. 

2. On page 7, the market structure is analysed using data provided by the ABC. Who are the ABC and why is their data collection so important for newspaper owners ans advertisers?

The ABC stands for The Audit Bureau of Circulations, which is a non-profit circulation-auditing organisation. It is also a voluntary organisation in India, initiated in 1948 in India. 

3. On page 10, paragraph 2.14 the overview identifies the circulation figures of Sunday newspapers. Thinking about your set products and audience consumption, why do you think Sunday newspapers have traditionally sold more copies that their daily counterparts?

Sunday newspapers have traditionally sold more copies as it is suggested that Sunday is a day of relaxation at the end of a week - the day of rest - the day most people don't work. More people are likely to pay for a copy on a Sunday because at the end of the week journalists and publishers would write soft news contrasting to hard news during the week. Lots of people don't like to read hard hitting news because it isn't nice to read negative stories all the time. 

4. What are the leading broadsheet, tabloid and mid-market tabloids in term of circulation? What are their daily circulation figures?

The Daily Telegraph is a leading broadsheet, whereas The Sun is the leading tabloid. the Daily Mail is a mid-market newspaper. 

5. Think about the Guardian and the Daily Mail - describe their position in the marketplace. 

The Daily Mail is shown to be the second most popular newspaper however, most popular mid market.  Due to the niche audience, The Guardian is shown to be towards the lower ends of the scale. Whereas, The Daily Mail is a Mid- Market and therefore, has broadsheet and tabloid aspects and has a more broad audience. 

6. The Guardian is 'owned by the Scott Trust, a private company whose core purpose is to 'ensure the financial and editorial independence of the Guardian.' How can this be linked with the news values of the newspaper? 

The Guardian media group is owned by the Scott Trust, a private company whose core purpose I to ensure the financial and editorial independence of the Guardian, the papers values are to be honest, fair and bring integrity to the reader. 

7. In terms of digital distribution, what do you think has been more important to the brand identity of national newspapers, the online website or app mobile platforms? Why/How?

In terms of digital distribution I think the mosts significant brand identity has to be about online websites, as many commuters and other people have technological devices such as laptops and tablets that may not be able to download the application therefore it is easier to access the internet. For example people on work breaks are predominantly at computers or desk tops- easiest to view; as most works now ban the use of mobile phones with a certain block/ building due to distraction. 

8. A lack of 'trust' in newspapers is identified. Why do you think this is?

The UK newspapers appear to be the least trusted in Europe, according to research by the European Broadcasting Union. It carried out surveys of 1000 members of the public in each of 33 European countries for its Trust in media report. The UK by far the least trusted 'written press' of any European country. 

9. Who is the offline and online regulator of the newspaper industry an how effective do you think they are in 'policing' the industry? 

The independent press standards organsisations are the regulators for the most of the UK's newspapers and magazines. They hold newspapers and magazines to account for their actions, protect individual rights, uphold high standards of journalism and maintain freedom of expression for the press. They make sure that member newspapers and magazines follow the editors code. 

10. Look at the following timeline. What's happened to advertising revenues, why are they important? What other ways have the newspapers industries found to survive? examples. 

Print display advertising revenue for the national UK newspapers has grown for the first time in more than seven years, according to a new report on Ad expenditure. Display Ad's in national titles saw revenue growth of 1% year on year in the first quarter of 2018 , putting it at total of £152.6 million for the period. Within tabloids print display advertising grew by 3% year on year. 

Advantages/Disadvantages of online media

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages of online newspapers:

- easier to update (live updates)
- larger audience
- more modern
- easy access for some
- don't have to go out to a shop (more practical)
- free (paywalls - Daily Telegraph, Financial Times,The Times)
- your own personal account to choose topics - personalising it
- contact papers quickly
- comments on news stories - audience participation
- easy to share articles
- more interactive - video


Disadvantages of online newspapers:

- holding something - more liked by people
- internet needed
- can't keep the story
- less accessible for the older generations
- more information in the paper
- pop-ups
- long term eye strain
- technical errors

Advantages of online newspapers:

- easier to update (live updates)
- larger audience
- more modern
- easy access for some
- don't have to go out to a shop (more practical)
- free (paywalls - Daily Telegraph, Financial Times,The Times)
- your own personal account to choose topics - personalising it
- contact papers quickly
- comments on news stories - audience participation
- easy to share articles
- more interactive - video


Disadvantages of online newspapers:

- holding something - more liked by people
- internet needed
- can't keep the story
- less accessible for the older generations
- more information in the paper
- pop-ups
- long term eye strain
- technical errors

News Table Comparison

News Table

The Sun
Owned by: The sun is a newspaper published by the News Group Newspapers division of News UK - owned by Rupert Murdoch. It became a tabloid in 1969 after it was purchased by its current owners

Audience: The publication is a tabloid, which means that the stories covered and the style used to present them are preferred mostly by people who come from a middle social class, and people aged between 15 and 44. 

Online: The Sun can easily be accessed online, available for viewing and can be seen by anyone who reads it. Articles produced are the same copies in the newspaper.

Circulation: 1451.58 in the UK as of June 2018 (in 1000 copies)

Political alignment: Conservative Political party

The Daily Mail
Owned by: The Daily Mail was founded in 1922 and is a public limited company, run by Paul Zwillenburg (the CEO)

Audience:The Daily Mail is a British daily middle-market tabloid newspaper published in London. Founded in 1896, it is the United Kingdom's second-biggest-selling daily newspaper after The Sun. According to a previous survey, the Daily Mail's audience were considered to be those of the conservative politic views. 

Online: The Daily Mail can easily be accessed online, available for viewing and can be seen by anyone who reads it. Articles produced are the same copies in the newspaper.

Circulation: 1,056.92 as of June 2018 (in 1000 copies)

Political alignment: Conservative Political party

The Telegraph
Owned by:The Daily Telegraph, was founded in 1879. From 1936 to 1972, it was owned by Sir Frank Packer. That year it was sold to News Limited and is now owned by David and Frederick Barclay.

Audience: At The Telegraph we believe that premium content attracts a premium audience. Across print, digital and third party platforms The Telegraph now reaches 52% of the UK population. That’s 23.1 million people a month, 54% of whom are 15-44.

Online: The Telegraph can easily be accessed online, available for viewing and can be seen by anyone who reads it. Articles produced are the same copies in the newspaper.

Circulation: 370.61 as of June 2018 (in 1000 copies)

Political alignment: The personal links between the paper's editors and the leadership of the Conservative Party, along with the paper's generally right-wing stance and influence over Conservative activists

News BBC Bitesize

News and Test

The main conventions in printed newspapers

Master-head: the title of the newspaper 

Splash: the lead story 

Stand first: introductory paragraph in an article, printed in larger or bolder type or in capitals, which summarizes the article

Off lead: second most important story 

Byline: a line naming the writer of an article

The main conventions in online newspapers

Stand first: introductory paragraph in an article, printed in larger or bolder type or in capitals, which summarizes the article

Pull quote: a key phrase or quotation taken from the main article 

Sidebar: a short article placed alongside a main article with extra information

Radio 

Actuality - audio material recorded on location. Usually someone speaking and lasts for 10-20 seconds

Cue - the introduction to a radio correspondent's report. Could introduce a clip of actuality, a sound bite or other audio - like music
Intro - the presenter's intro, involving a greeting, a time check and the news reader's name
Outro - the presenter signing off
Stinger: a short burst of music played at regular intervals
Atmos: short for atmosphere, like background noise recorded on location
Audio clips: a 15-20 second piece of pre-recorded audio taken from an interview with someone related to the story
Fades: sound effects or music gradually fading away

Digital interactivity:
- Journalism has made significant changes over the internet
- Newspapers now have online editions, whilst some have websites to add their TV and radio stations
- Journalists can use the internet both to gather information and to interact with their audience; they use sources such as blogs, social networking sites and YouTube to find stories.

Interactive journalism means encouraging interactivity with readers, to enable them to take part in a story, share and comment. This is encouraged with features such as; Polls, User-generated content/ comments sections, Link-ups with social networking sites.

Citizen journalism: anyone with a smartphone can capture a story and become a 'citizen journalist'. Citizen journalists are members of the public who find themselves on the scene of events before journalists arrive. They record or film events and may break stories, by posting on social media platforms like Youtube or Twitter.

BBC Bitesize test link
https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/zy4rfrd/test

Analysing Newspapers

 

Analysing Newspapers and the Differences

Below displays the differences between newspapers and how they contrast. Presented are examples of both broadcasters and tabloids. Media is used to portray different stories to the public - whether it is factual or not. Tabloids tend to be informal articles written, with little information and slang terminology used to target lower social classes - or those interested in celebrity based gossip and stories published in the press. However, broadcasters are used to represent the politics and historic mail. This is stereo-typically read by people in higher social groupings or those interested in politics because it is for an intellectual reading - more text and stories, including politicians like Donald Trump.

Two types of newspapers and the differences:
- Tabloids
- Broadcasters

 Broadcasters:
- 30% images 70% text
- more text
- formal language
- less colour/black and white
- proper news/factual
- serious writing
- more focus on serious stories
- more political
- traditional and classic fonts used
- upscale/more intelligent
- higher social groupings

Tabloids:
- 80% images 20% text
- more colour
- less text
- layout more informal
- celebrity focus/gossip
- puns/word play
- bold text/capitals
- entertainment
- stands out
- lower social groupings







CUPP TUNE acronym:

Continuity/currency - stories that are already in the news continue to run and are updated

Unambiguous - stories that are easy to understand and for papers to report on

Personalisation - stories that include human interest - 'real' people

Proximity - stories that are closer to home are more likely to be included

Threshold - the bigger the impact and reach of the story

Unexpectedness - an event that is a shock or out of the ordinary

Negativity - bad news is more interesting. 'if it bleeds, it leads'

Elite persons/places - stories about important people and powerful nations

Analysis of the newspapers: - Newspapers and the differences between them

The Guardian - is displayed in neat columns with lots of text - less colour than the tabloids, text and titles are in black and white - the content is formal and shows the proper news - the positive and negative stories going on in the world. 
Financial Times - pictures to engage the reader - significant people on the front cover to illustrate what/who the stories are based on - more stories on the newspaper - does not feature the rememberance poppy
The Independent - politics and talks of the environment and parliament - less colour - only in image of Donald Trump - Donald Trump symbolises politics and connects countries because he is the president of America 
The Daily Telegraph - Contrasts from the Daily Mail because it focuses on higher social classes as opposed to lower ones; such as The Sun where it discusses celebrity stories and drama, based on false news. - Politics - upper classes - intellectual readers - Small text, to fit more stories/more content 
The Times - significant logo between the title symbolises politics and old history - little chnages have been made - shows target audience can be for the older generation and those interested in Brexit and other polititions. - statistics and figures - controversial topics such as cancer, Donald Trump
Daily Mail - Less text, therefore a large title covering over half of the front cover. - More colour - Inclusive - the poppy - symbolic - Spice Girls, a well known pop group that is likely to engage fans and those interested in celebrity gossip.
Metro - Newspapers such as the Daily Mail and Metro include something 'free' in order to make it more appealing to customers, so they want to purchase or read the article. - offers at the bottom of the page to show its unformal - it promotes deals and discounts. - minimal text 
Daily Mirror - big story of a hate crime - celebrity drama of Ant and court - large title - advertising of a tv programme 
Daily Star - offers and compares itself to The Sun on the front cover - '10p cheaper than The Sun' - celebrity stories - informal language - pun/word play - entertaining factors to engage the audience - bold/capital letters 
The Sun - larger images than newspapers such as The Guardian and The Independent - uses less factual text - main focus on celebrities lives as opposed to the day to day people
Daily Express - large titles covering the front cover - presented as a lower social group newspaper - deals included - suggests the lower social classes also, so they can afford - not as educated to understand complex vocabulary

Representation notes

Representation 

Definitions:

Stereotypes
- media industries use stereotypes
- repeated so we think they are normal or true

Archetypes
- ultimate stereotypes e.g. white stiletto wearing, big busted, brainless blonde bimbos

Counter-type
- challenges tradition stereo-typically associations of groups, people/places

Representation: - the way in which people, events and ideas are presented to the audience
- the media takes something that is already there and represents it to us in the way that they choose. Media is rarely one hundred percent true.
- they are created by producers (anyone who makes a media text) of media texts.
- what they choose to present to us is controlled by gatekeepers.

“Gatekeepers” - any person involved in a media production with the power to make a decision about something the audience are allowed to.

DR CAGES

Disability
Regional identity
Class
Age
Gender
Ethnicity
Sexuality